Politically correct labels have been applied to other races in the past and since Indians are always the last to be labeled for anything, I suppose our time has come. In 1970 Van Sertima immigrated to the United States, where he entered Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, for graduate work. [13] This was a record of the conference held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September 1998 on the theme of the African Renaissance. There is a heated online debate about how Black Americans came to America. Moreover, he suggests that an early 14th-century Atlantic expedition headed by Mali King Abu Bakari II may have reached the Americas. Reportedly, from American historian and linguist Leo Weiner of Harvard Universitys book Africa and the Discovery of America (Ill have to add that one to the list too) in one of Columbuss journals there is an account of a statement by the Native Americans saying that they had encountered black people prior to the arrival of Columbus. Columbus is such a late-comer that it is almost silly to compare anybody's arrival to his. Haslip-Vierra, de Montellano and Barbour. From 1957 to 1959, Van Sertima worked as a Press and Broadcasting Officer in the Guyana Information Services. He published several annual compilations, volumes of the journal dealing with various topics of African history. I was a friend of de Montellanos and many years ago we used to debunk Afrocentrists aka Afronuts on several forums (he posted as Quetzalcoatl on Egyptsearch), but he died I think in 2016. I am of what you would call, recent African ancestry. I also work with many foreign-born Chinese people. In How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Walter Rodney explained that if any African canoes reached the Americas (as is sometimes maintained) they did not establish two-way links. If these two-way links were established, Umar fails to cite specific examples because there are no examples. Between narrative chapters, Van Sertima develops his main claims about African contact with the Americas in an essay style and includes images of artifacts, which primarily consist of photographs of ceramic heads that Van Sertima says have African features. ", Van Sertima said he didn't travel much to research the book. Van Sertima also argued it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. Thus, historians of the time removed, ignored, or minimized any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization. In the documentary he says that Mansa Musa is the same person as Montezuma. The word for tobacco also has African roots as well as the refinement of the practice of oral pipe smoking. There are Egyptian-like pyramids in the Americas and mummified persons similar to those in Egypt. Below are pictures of various Olmec sculptures. [5], Van Sertima completed his master's degree at Rutgers in 1977. He also points to the Negroid features of giant stone heads in Mexico, our of which have been radio carbon dated at 814 B.C. If you are experiencing difficulties logging in or are a subscriber getting a paywall, please try one or more of the following steps. They Were Not Here Before Columbus: Afrocentricity in the 1990's Bernard Ortiz de Montellano Download Free PDF Related Papers Plant Evidence for Contact Between African and the New World Bernard Ortiz de Montellano Download Free PDF View PDF Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs Bernard Ortiz de Montellano There are, of course, numerous problems with these claims: most importantly, the evidence that Van Sertima provides in his book to prove an ancient African presence in America is highly lacking. Neither Columbus nor de Las Casas wrote anything about African spears. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Van Sertima added, How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? Since my earlier days of schooling, I have informally encountered bits and pieces of information such as the story of Mansa Musa, the richest man in history, but not much else. Mansa Musa never sailed to America. As the dogma slowly gets pushed out of science and history we are coming to realize that people of all. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Winters writes: The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied urban centers built by Africans, or Afro-Indians. The spears, he claimed, were identical to weapons from African Guinea. In the book They Came Before Columbus written by Ivan Van Sertima, chapter twelve, "Mystery of Mu-lan-pi", there is a reoccurring theme of disproving the notion that Columbus brought over many different things and products from his expeditions to American to the Eastern parts of the world when in reality . So what does Sabres GM Kevyn Adams do this week? Moreover, the slave narratives all make it very clear that the enslaved population in the Americas came from Africa so much so that in Cuba some enslaved persons committed suicide, in hope that their spirit would return to Africa. Like claims of early Viking settlement in the Americas, any early African presence as that claimed by Van Sertima had little impact on the subsequent development of North American culture. In addition, there are stories of Egyptian mariners. Experts have determined that the gourds floated across the Atlantic and washed ashore in the Americas to be adopted by Mesoamerican cultures. I am not completely dismissive of the idea that Abu Bakr could have in fact successfully arrived in the Americas. Never seen a more deluded person. [16], Van Sertima argues that African contact likely happened more than once. Sidenote: I enjoyed the story of Mali in Chapter 3. Weiant, who had a PhD in archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception and was an active member of the. There is also a vast body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and America. No man who believes his history began with slavery can be a healthy man. All of these claims are incrediblewhich means that they deserve incredible evidence in order to verify them. Hidden Colors also makes the argument that Africans were in the Americas before Columbus. This is not a romantic idea. Keep reading with unlimited digital access. . In Koning's telling and in Zinn's, Columbus set out to enslave a uniformly gentle people for the sole purpose of enriching himself with gold. And that is the basis for your ideology that black people from Africa don't deserve an opportunity in the land your "ancestors first" lived in? Despite this, there were however, agreed upon black kings of the 25th dynasty such as Taharqa. Occasionally, Ive been asked by my colleagues some form of the question, Where are you from?, No, like where is your family from? On the cover of the book, John A. Williams writes that Van Sertima has demonstrated that there is far more to black history than the slave trade. Quite obviously, there is more to black history than the slave trade, but Van Sertimas storytelling is not it. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. In fact, that . It provides further evidence that all great civilizations and races are heavily indebted to one another and that no race has a monopoly on enterprise and inventive genius. He published his They Came Before Columbus in 1976, as a Rutgers graduate student. Snow continued, "The findings of professional archaeologists and physical anthropologists are misrepresented so that they seem to support the [Van Sertima] hypothesis". How can these accounts be explained away? Van Sertima married Maria Nagy in 1964; they adopted two sons, Larry and Michael. Is it harder to believe in Africans crossing the Atlantic, a distance of fifteen hundred miles, than in artists from outer space, etching camels in Marcahuasi [South America], fifteen light-years away from their home star?. 1337 Words. Upon casual reading, it does at least make one take its thesis seriously. Van Sertima states that even the Greek historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people. History, as taught in the Western and Western-dominated world, gives the impression that the first Africans to reach the Americas were brought as slaves, in shackles on slaves-ships. Columbus wrote: Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a horses tail. [5] Except for a brief mention, the book had not previously been reviewed in an academic journal. Daniel's review provoked a barrage of letters - from scholars and laypersons - defending Van Sertima. If there were an African presence in the Americas, he asked, "why do we not find more African stylistic artifacts?". For example, Van Sertimas claims that the Olmec heads are Negroid due to the broad flat noses runs into a major problem: nose shape is dictated by climate; the climate of Mesoamerica and Africa is similar; the function of nose shape is to moisten air before it goes into the lungs; therefore, since climate is dictated by nose shape and the climate of Mesoamerica and Africa is similar, then they have similar-shaped noses due to the climate they lived in. Van Sertima repeated this claim again when hetestifiedin front of the House of Representatives in 1987: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus; Columbus was the first to suggest it. How could Africans, who are not popularly known as seamen, have crossed the 1.500 Atlantic miles to the American continents? Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Sabres place Alex Tuch on injured reserve; top-line winger's status is uncertain, Paula's Donuts to move Clarence store that faced backlash for tax breaks to Amherst, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Chad Hall's departure from Buffalo Bills to Jaguars remains a bit of a mystery. Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry, according to The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States study published by U.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health. Several words are also similar with similar meanings such as nama-tigi or ama-tigi from the Bambara of the Mandingos and aman-teca from the Nahuatl of Mexico, both of which refer to master or chief or headman. Van Sertima presents an argument for the transformation of the word banana with African origins. pic.twitter.com/GRHEgWZkZb. Im pretty sure I had taken a World History course before. please donate https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=ZPEYVFR6AgeofReason198EKA be a monthly supporter https://www.patreon.com/. Rhythm, flow, enunciation of some words could be improved upon, but again this seemed to be a random volunteer. Additionally, they wrote that Van Sertima "diminishe[d] the real achievements of Native American culture" by his claims of African origin for them. ". [6] Also in 1979, Van Sertima founded the Journal of African Civilizations, which he exclusively edited and published for decades.[6][12]. Critics in anthropology and archaeology have stated that They Came Before Columbus portrays Native Mesoamerican peoples as inferior and incapable of developing highly sophisticated civilizations, cultures, and technologies without the influence of Africans arriving by boat as gods in their eyes, as Van Sertima puts it. This finding flatly contradicted the claim of the historian Herodotus that the Egyptians, compared to the Greeks and other European Caucasoids, were for the most part a black-skinned and wooly-haired people. The researchers wrote a systematic rebuttal of Van Sertima's claims, stating that Van Sertima's "proposal was without foundation" in claiming African diffusion as responsible for prehistoric Olmec culture (in present-day Mexico). He later discusses carved pipes found in Mesoamerican archaeological sites, suggesting that the use of pipes for smoking must have been an inherited practice from African or Asian visitors. He was asked to write a magazine piece simplifying and summarizing Weiner. He said, "You cannot really conceive of how insulting it is to Native Americans to be told they were 'discovered'."[14]. They say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old You ever seen a slave ship ? These discs were placed above entrances of inner chambers of temples in Egypt and above temple door lintels in pre-Columbian America. When the metallurgists in Spain assayed these spears, they found they were identical, not similar, but were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as spears then being forged in African Guinea. They then raised their discovery to the community at large, but it was quickly disregarded as being impossible under the logic that no Europeans had visited the Americas before Columbus. In doing field work in Africa, he compiled a dictionary of Swahili legal terms in 1967. We need to know about the time when we had empires. Many of the cultural pieces of evidence also provide intriguing support to Van Sertimas thesis, though many may legitimately be debated as coincidences or artefacts resulting simply from commonalities in how the human brain interprets the world. They wear the hairs brought down to the eyebrows, except a few locks behind, which they wear long and never cut. Your email address will not be published. Are some Black Americans trying to distance themselves from Africa and rewrite history by ignoring such evidence as DNA? Note how these claims are eerily similar to claims of white gods that, for example, the Aztecs and Maya speak of. Barbour, the first African-American to earn a. [9] He had left his native Guyana for London in 1959 to make his ways a novelist, but he was writing radio to make ends meet. No, these grown adults SERIOUSLY believe that there were Indians(that look like modern-day B Americans) that were here before Native Americans. So again, thanks. With that being said, the narration isnt the best that Ive heard. I'm trying to follow all the rules but forgive me if this is a bit vague. [1], Van Sertima retired in 2006. They would claim them as west African too if they could. Though Egypt is located in Africa, typically little of its success has been attributed to black people, but rather to those who migrated from the Middle East. The description that Columbus gives certainly is not a description of black people in the Caribbean. They follow that quote with this statement: "In spite of the above evidence, education and curriculum development literature are generally silent on the Olmecs" (pg 5). It was with the coming of Columbus that the twilight of the red and black races began. In They Came Before Columbus, we see clearly the unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered. However, archaeological work has indicated that the foundations of Olmec cultureand indeed all of Mesoamerican culturehad its beginnings in Mesoamerica long before the Olmec appeared on the scence. In the first place, there are no Egyptian historical records which suggest that the Egyptians ever sailed to America or even attempted such a journey. [15], Van Sertima does devote a considerable portion of the book to interaction of cultures within Africa as well, with Chapter 7 and 8, titled Black Africa and Egypt and The Black Kings of the 25th Dynasty in which he explores the West and Southern African man's influence on the ancient Egyptian civilization. They paint themselves black, and they are the color of the Canarians, neither black nor white. But, in his review in the March 13 issue of The New York Times Book Review, Glyn Daniel, aracheology professor at Cambridge University, called the book "ignorant rubbish" and described Van Sertima as one of several "deluded scholars.". No, since they are only telling just-so stories. Mansa Musa took the throne after the previous ruler, Abu Bakr II, went on an expedition to sail the Atlantic Ocean. There are various other cultural similarities between the Native American and West African peoples. First discovered by Charles Spearman in 1904, noting that schoolchildren, 1550 words Introduction The role of the Jews in the slave tradeand in the civil warhas garnered a great amount of scholarly attention. His widow, Jacqueline Van Sertima, said she would continue to publish the Journal of African Civilizations. [5] They further noted that in the 1980s, Van Sertima had changed his timeline of African influence, suggesting that Africans made their way to the New World in the 10th century B.C., to account for more recent independent scholarship in the dating of Olmec culture. He was a . What did we believe in? Professor Ivan van Sertima, They Came before Columbus A review by Femi Akomolafe, 19 January 1995. But the claims presented in Hidden Colors and the claims presented by others who promote the notion of Black aboriginals are so misinformed that in many cases they just seem nonsensical. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Sources of information on such misconceptions and strategies for helping students to overcome them are . Required fields are marked *. Van Sertima repeated this claim again when he testified in front of the House of Representatives: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. (LogOut/ Alas, none exist. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. Click Here to Get Smart on Protecting Your Family and Loves Ones, No Matter What Happens. De Las Casas gave this description in his account of Columbus voyage: Wednesday, July 4, he ordered sail made from that island in which he says that since he arrived there he never saw the sun or the stars, but that the heavens were covered with such a thick mist that it seemed they could cut it with a knife and the heat was so very intense that they were tormented, and he ordered the course laid to the way of the south-west, which is the route leading from these islands to the south, in the name, he says, of the Holy and Indivisible Trinity, because then he would be on a parallel with the land of the sierra of Loa and cape of Sancta Ana in Guinea, which is below the equinoctial line, where he says that below that line of the world are found more gold and things of value; and that after, he would navigate, the Lord pleasing, to the west, and from there would go to this Espaola, in which route he would prove the theory of the King John aforesaid; and that he thought to investigate the report of the Indians of this Espaola who said that there had come to Espaola from the south and south-east, a black people who have the tops of their spears made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the Sovereigns to have them assayed, when it was found that of 32 parts, 18 were of gold, 6 of silver and 8 of copper. They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships aren't real. "They couldn't be slave blacks," he said. Highlighted Ogham found on the Isle of Man - Credit: ViewTeam (Author provided) Listen to GHOGH with Jamarlin Martin | Episode 74: Jamarlin Martin Jamarlin returns for a new season of the GHOGH podcast to discuss Bitcoin, bubbles, and Biden. To assuage the Christian conscience for the enslavement of a people, one could not believe that black people were intelligent enough and capable of such feats as the ancient Egyptians. However, Afrocentrists then make the claim that the natives of Mesoamerica regarded them as gods, and so they sculpted these statues in order to honor them (sounds like Ancient Aliens, to me). Isnt it weird how Van Sertima and other Afrocentrists use the same type of tactics as pseudoscientists (i.e., ad hoc hypothesizing)? In response to Daniel's review Clarence Weiant, who had worked as an assistant archaeologist specialising in ceramics at Tres Zapotes and later pursued a career as a chiropractor, wrote a letter to the New York Times supporting Van Sertima's work. One could do worse. None of that evidence is conclusive or even particularly convincing, countered anthropologist Warren T.D. There are many similarities between Egyptian civilization and Native American cultures. I noted before that Van Sertimas claims were flawed in some respects, but his arguments were still logical in certain respects and he did attempt to provide documentation for at least some of his claims even if at times the documentation he presented was misleading. A celebrated classic, They Came Before Columbus, dea. "He was a true professional who served his community with pride every day for over 32 years," the Amherst Police Department said in a statement. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ivan Van Sertima's They Came Before Columbus is the first monographic treatment of this problem since Leo Wiener's Africa and the Discovery ofAmerica (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1920-1922), although M. D. W. Jeffreys has littered the intervening fifty years with articles on various aspects of it, often drawing heated responses What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. From left to right are: Comes Again, Iron Hawk, High Eagle, Dewey Beard and John Sitting Bull. The African presence in America before Columbus is of importance not only to African and American history but to the history of world civilizations. In his famous book, They Came Before Columbus, published in 1976, anthropologist-linguist Ivan Van Sertima, a Rutgers professor, claims that African influences can be found in a wide range of cultural similarities between Africa and the ancient Americas. The mapmaker, Martin Waldseemller, named the New World "America," after the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who had explored the coastline of South America and was the first to realize that it was a . In Chapter 5, called "Among the Quetzalcoatls", Van Sertima narrates the arrival of Abu Bakr II to an Aztec civilization in Mexico in 1311, describing the Mali king as "a true child of the sun burned dark by its rays" in direct and explicit comparison to the Aztec "sun god" Quetzalcoatl, as Van Sertima writes. Wow, so you (your black ancestors) got there before the Indians and the Europeans? "[20][n 2], In 1981 Dean R. Snow, a professor of anthropology, wrote that Van Sertima "uses the now familiar technique of stringing together bits of carefully selected evidence, each surgically removed from the context that would give it a rational explanation". Some believe that Blacks were already in America and have more Native American ancestry than African. What did we do? Theres not a shred of evidence to prove this. Also according to Polish craniologist Wiercinsky 13.5% of skeletons in a pre-classic Olmec cemetery of Tlatilco were negroid which decreased in percentage over time, indicating intermixture with the native population over time. Van Sertima spent his career pushing pseudoscience of this type, even editing and publishing most of his own work in his own edited journals (because other journals would not accept his fringe work). Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. His article "The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview" (1983) discusses early African advances in metallurgy, astronomy, mathematics, architecture, engineering, agriculture, navigation, medicine and writing. Nowhere does de Las Casas suggest that spears he was referring to were identical or even similar to spears in West Africa. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. 6 Pages. Accidental stylazation could not account for the individuality and racial particulars of these heads. Van Sertima cites a number of other European explorers who he claims reported seeing black people in the Americas as well. When evidence came out refuting Van Sertimas storytelling, he concocted an ad hoc hypothesis to save his hypothesis from immunization. Though these features may be common among black people of African Ancestry, one cannot exclude that these features also exist to some degree in Native Americans. They noted that Olmec stone heads were carved hundreds of years prior to the claimed contact and only superficially appear to be African; the Nubians whom Van Sertima had claimed as their originators do not resemble these "portraits". I knew that the subjext was suspect. A generation of work in this area had unearthed a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Colombian American artists. What would the point of shipping Black Indians to Europe then to Africa and then back to America again be? So basically the vast majority of scholars reject Afrocentrism, but are too afraid to say so in public. The books showed an African and Arabic influence on medeival Mexican and South languages prior to European contact. Classical scholar Mary Lefkowitz who debunked Afrocentric claims about ancient Greece and Rome in her book Not out of Africa explains how her colleagues let her down because of the fear of being labelled as racist like she was. Van Sertima claims that the Mixtecs and Aztecs were influenced by Bakari II. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. Maize has African origins. Later forced immigrations by Africans to the New World as slaves, and the subsequent development of African-American culture, played a far greater role in shaping the Americas of the 20th century. Its really that easy to explain the so-called similar appearances in nose shape between the Olmec heads and African noses. Van Sertima accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling. 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