Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Within a CKDatabase are CKRecordZones, and within zones CKRecords. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. and the other using the .shared database scope. This is because you havent accepted the invitation yet. Also, a CloudKit record may only be shared if it is stored in a private database and is a member of a record zone other than the default zone. to display more information in my user interface. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. Now that you have the method to perform the share, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the Share button. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. Using a single managed object context, my application can access data in both stores. For example, a user may have made edits on one device while in airplane mode, and then absent-mindedly made different edits on another device before turning airplane mode off on the first device. For example, I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. This second step may be repeated in the case of a conflict. So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer know where to keep your records? This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check. But ideally, we would have a single place. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. 2 Answers Sorted by: 8 In iOS 10 / macOS 10.12, it is now possible to share hierarchies of records in a user's private database with other users. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. I had to build new user interface elements, to display information about the participants, All of this work required accessing some metadata. Tapping this button removes a destination from your travel journal. Notice the role and permission for each user. The first is the notion of a set of actors. With a free Kodeco account you can download source code, track your progress, But these three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our .public database support, You can use these methods in your applications. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. Build and run. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. For your Note app, you can use the default container. can help you enable some additional protection, On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways. The way to enable these silent notifications is to set the shouldSendContentAvailable property on the CKNotificationInfo instance, while leaving all of the traditional notification settings (shouldBadge, soundName, and so on) unset. For example purposes, I included a basic sanity check to make sure I am updating the correct record, and then update the fields and notify the delegate that we have new data. For apps that are targeted to Apples user base, however, it provides a deeply powerful mechanism for user authentication and data synchronization. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Differentiating private data and shared data in SwiftUI. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption-- on NSAttributeDescription that you can use to configure this property in your model code. Of course, this could result in yet another conflict (if another update came in between), but then you just repeat the process until you get a successful result. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature and expect it to work well. Let's see that in action. It checks databaseScope and determines whether its private or shared. Now I'm going to add a new post, give it a title, and tap Done. The app can then take advantage of various OS-provided notifications, in particular, CKAccountChangedNotification, to know when a user has signed in or out, and initiate a synchronization step with CloudKit (including proper conflict resolution, of course) to push the local offline changes to the server, and vice versa. Sharing CKAssets between users with CloudKit? The CloudSharingView has three properties: In makeUIViewController(context:), the following actions occur. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. This is your Destination entity in Core Data. Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. To demonstrate how sharing works with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, I'm going to be using our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. Last, head to the CloudKit Console so you can verify your data. Were you able to figure it out? persistentContainer calls this method. You now see the shared entry on your second device. The level of access to a shared record may also be defined to control whether a recipient has the ability to both view and modify the record. Next, I configure an instance of the BlockBasedShareProvider, a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. To change the permissions and access to this data, Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you. CloudKit prefixes your entities with CD to distinguish them from traditional CloudKit records. Please note all the code has explanatory comments at the key points. Get the most out of CloudKit Sharing Discover how apps can use CloudKit to share records with others. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. Now that youve sent an invitation to your second user, you need to set the app to accept the invitation and add the data into the shared store. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly, we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. Observe CloudSharingView in the context of updating permissions. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. Tap the Add Destination button. From the home screen, open Settings. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail in the session "What's New in CloudKit." A clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in the early years. It comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound operation. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. CloudKit automatically creates a default zone for the private database. How might we build an experience like this? Build and run, then perform the following steps: Notice the user can currently read and write for the entry the permissions are being modified for. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. Here, youll add the code to accept the share. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy. You would need a unique identifier for that CKRecord. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. And, as of iOS 10, a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the group. The first iteration of Core Data in iCloud on iOS worked on top of document storage and employed the same iCloud APIs. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. CloudKit sharing involves the creation of CKShare objects initialized with the record to be shared. Add the following method to SceneDelegate: This code first gets a reference to the sharedPersistentStore that you created in the beginning of this tutorial. Build and run. Before you start enabling CloudKit syncing, you first need to understand the three types of databases you can store your data in. These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord called encryptedValues, introduced in the "What's New in CloudKit" session. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album by tapping this person icon in the upper right. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Jermaine shows that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. to store objects in a specific shared zone. What's important is that it's way more complicated than I can easily exercise every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction to the development process. CloudKit sharing provides a way for records contained within a private database to be shared with other app users, entirely at the discretion of the owner of that database. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"-- and tap Done. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. Well, let me show you. More importantly, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality. to add specific logic to my application code. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. based on the relationship they have to other objects. Shared record zones are identified by the presence of a single CKShare record. Then, open the starter project. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). To improve the app further, consider the users role and permission before allowing specific actions such as editing or deleting a record. that allows me to call up an Action sheet. and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's, to ensure that all your fields are present. In this post, we will talk about zone sharing. - Accepting a shared note will now move it to the top level of your notes folder - Fixed a bug where clicking on the month name on macOS shifted the calendar weeks - Improved website titles when pasting a web link in NotePlan - iCloud Drive sync is now hidden as a sync option for new users since Cloudkit provides a better sync experience Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? At its Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) 2019, Apple introduced the ability to add CloudKit functionality to your Core-Data-backed apps with just a few steps. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. Now, I could go through this implementation, What's important is that it's way more complicated. From here, you store a reference to CKShare that returns from the share method. Depending on the context, you may wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself. You need to extract information about the participants of this share. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? If it doesnt have an associated share record, theres no need to continue. Once you add the destination, tap the destination to view DestinationDetailView. Select recordName from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable. 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