Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. This latter fact needs some explanation. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). Chapter 15 Population and the Environment also discussed environmental change as a source of armed conflict, including war (Fisman & Miguel, 2010). Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. The defense industry remains a powerful force in the US economy six decades after Eisenhower issued his warning, and US military spending continues unabated. Oscar Arias, a former president of Costa Rica and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, echoed these famous words from President Eisenhower when he wrote a decade ago that US military spending took money away from important domestic needs. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. By 2011, NIJ's solicitation for social science research on forensic science yielded several solid proposals, and we were able to fund five projects. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). Bacevich, A. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. US Census Bureau. Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. List the types of problems that military veterans often face. Feb 2, 2023. Social studies is an integrated research field. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). (2012). However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. New York, NY: Penguin. 1. Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. England, G. (2012, February 5). Federation of American Scientists. Newsweek, 5262. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. Shaping in Strategic Competition: How to Win Friends and Influence People with Military Power Kyle Atwell | 02.06.23 Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. CNN.com. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. Social science is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviours and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Rafter, N. H. (1990). The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. 4 Units. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Question DescriptionIdentify two social science issues related to war. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Theme: Exploring Social Science Issues, learning block 1-1 (page 4) Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. The US employment effects of military and domestic spending priorities: 2011 update. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). social science, any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. 1). Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Question. Bess, M. (2008). Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131. Why we should help veterans start their own businesses. Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. When the war began, a sort of truce developed between management and labor, as workers wanted to appear patriotic by supporting the war effort and hoped that they would win important labor rights for doing so. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Identify two social science issues related to war. This article is intended to investigate the war-related psycho-social problems and mitigating strategies of war declared on Ethiopia's Amhara region civilians. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. War Resisters League. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) U.S. Casualty Status. In another example, the Navy is designing a new series of nuclear submarines, with construction planned to start in 2019. A related problem is suicide. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. This book has emphasized that children are often the innocent victims of various social problems from the time they are born, with important consequences for their futures. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). Choose one of the five social institutions. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. War between nations is called international war, while war within nations is called civil war. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. The issues and problems discussed so far in this chapter concern the nation's elementary and secondary schools in view of their critical importance for tens of millions of children and for the nation's social and economic well-being. It includes studies of individuals and the . Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social issues. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. Issues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness . One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. New York, NY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead; US Department of Defense. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Where your income tax money really goes. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. If warlike tendencies were part of human genetic heritage, these convictions would not exist. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Almost half said their family relations were strained and that they often felt irritable or angry; 44 percent said they had problems reentering civilian life; and 37 percent said they had suffered from PTSD. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. Impact of Social Issues in Education. However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. To get a more accurate estimate of how many such crimes occur, sound social research is necessary. Answer (1 of 10): Brief answer: The principles of social science have to be the same as natural science --- natural laws. Wells, T. (1994). Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. The Washington Post. Killer species. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. (2012, January 8). As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. First, the defense industry is very effective at lobbying Congress for increased military spending, with the cozy relationship among members of the military-industrial complex helping to ensure the effectiveness of this lobbying. Inevitably, Vietnamese civilians were in the path of the fireballs generated by the US and South Vietnamese militaries. Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. Our services Expert answer:SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Educ by | Feb 16, 2022 | Uncategorized Solved by verified expert:Identify two social science issues related to war. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. This diversion of funds is unfortunate, but it might still be necessary if the high level of US military spending is needed to ensure the nations security. In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). (2011, July 22). Health care expenses for survivors amount to almost $1 billion annually, and the cost of prosecution amounts to $19 million annually (Stalsburg, 2011). A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. Still, tensions often arise. Danner, M. (2006). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. The di. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. McGovern, G. (2011). The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the. If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. This report concluded that the more money we spend on unneeded weapons programs, the more layoffs there will be of police officers, firefighters, teachers, and other workers whose jobs are funded directly or indirectly by federal spending.. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. (2012, February 8). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Some verses follow. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . This is the longest peace in recorded history by far. For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). Social science issues related to war. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Why nations go to war: A sociology of military conflict. Leitenberg, M. (2006). However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. America.gov. I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. (2011). Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Choose one of the five social institutions. The Times-Leader. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. All these killings were outright slaughter. Shah, A. Choose one of the five social institutions. Image courtesy of Sgt. Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. Identify two social science issues related to education. AlterNet. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. Acting out wars inner wounds. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. The cause for despair is twofold. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. A kid walked up to me and said, Your dads a baby killer. I didnt handle that well. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how . Bangor Daily News. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. 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