The melanin pigment is not essential for fungal development, but it has been reported to act as fungal armor due to its ability to protect the microorganisms from harmful environmental conditions. 31. Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. The melanin-silver nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against food pathogens also have potential applicability in food processing and food packaging industries [124]. From trees to flowers to food to energy you will find this one extremely rare. Other studies have demonstrated the potential application of the melanized fungi for the removal of radionuclides and heavy metals from aqueous solutions, providing an alternative means to affect cleanup of industrial effluent [16, 120, 160164]. There is experimental evidence that fungal melanin may also act as an anti-aging drug, due to its action in reducing the generation of free radicals, clearing away the free radicals produced in excess, and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. Charles E. Turick et al., Gamma Radiation Interacts with Melanin toAlter Its Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Results in Electric CurrentProduction,Bioelectrochemistry82, no. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. It has been reported the use of melanin, a biopolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, intrinsic photo-acoustic properties, binding ability to drugs, and chelating property to radioactive metal ions, as an efficient endogenous nanosystem for imaging-guided chemotherapy [152]. The pigment production capability of fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Lecanicillium, and Fusarium was evaluated in different culture media, and the results showed that the complex media, as potato dextrose (PD) and malt extract (ME), favored increased pigment production [47]. A. Kunwar et al., Melanin, a Promising Radioprotector: Mechanisms of Actions in a Mice Model,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology264, no. 8 (August 2004): 656-https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x. In the parasitic fungus Ustilago maydis, polymerization of catechol dimers with the formation of fibrils of melanin was shown [79]. There are 5 things that the Pineal gland is responsible for: Inner Eye Books > The supplementation of medium with molasses and sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate did not have a positive effect on pigment production but promoted an increase in the fungal growth. In Monascus ruber, it was observed that the highest levels of pigments production were obtained at an aeration rate of 0.05 L min1, which appeared to be clearly sufficient for providing the fungus with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide [57]. Watch on QUALIFIED IMMUNITY PACKAGES POLICE STOP/ LAW & GOV FLASHCARDS (PSFC) & (LGFC) Another study reported that melanized fungus Armillaria adsorb high concentrations of cations from the surrounding environment; some ions (Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb) were 50100 times more concentrated on rhizomorphs than in soil [156]. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, Feb 19, 2023. Most significant, however, is the resulting necessity for the increased production of melanin, first as a sun protectant but secondarily as a means to endow humans with the ability to harness electromagnetic radiation for metabolic energy in a fashion similar to chlorophyll. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. In our study with the hypermelanized mutant (MEL1) from A. nidulans, we observed an increase in the production of pigment when the initial pH of the culture was at 6.8 compared to pH 8.0 [50]. To investigate whether dietary melanin might confer some of these powers to animals, scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine fed melanin-rich mushroomsthe kind most of usknow as Judass ear or jelly earto mice. As stated, a percentage of your subscription will be donated to this Worthy cause..Copstopguardian.org. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. $33.33. However, M. purpureus was not able to grow in media containing peptone, and a maximum yield of the pigment was achieved when the media were supplemented with yeast extract (1%) and monosodium glutamate (5%) as nitrogen source [41]. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for various biotechnological applications in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, materials science, and nanotechnology. 2017 The Author(s). In the context, we hope that the information in this book will be useful and will encourage a greater number of researches on fungal melanin, which might be useful to deploy innovative and sustainable solutions for human health and the environment. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 306 ratings 30 reviews. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. For example, melanized fungal species as Cladosporium spp., Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Hormoconis resinae were found to colonize the walls of the damaged reactor at Chernobyl where they are exposed to a high constant radiation field [18, 19]. In experimental models, melanin can successfully shield bone marrow from such side effects. Hermit93 Book details & editions. The melanin can also function as a carrier for nerve growth factor due to the ability to get nerve growth factor across the blood-brain barrier, and this is the major advantage over conventional therapy. 50% Discount on the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT on Patreon! Scheme adapted from Ref. According to the authors, melanin nanoparticles could successfully enter into the tumor and act as an efficient drug-delivery system, thereby greatly increasing the safe utility of the drugs for tumor treatment and significantly lowering the dosage used and its side effects. These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. Search the history of over 797 billion In literature, studies have confirmed that fungal melanin acts as metal chelators, enhancing the biomass-metal interaction and consequently its biosorption capacity [14]. Llaila O. Afrika. Other dermocosmetic applications of melanins include the use of the pigment for hair dyeing and the development of novel strategies for hair recoloration [150]. Llaila O. Afrika. Studies developed in our laboratory, using a melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from Aspergillus nidulans fungus, showed that the higher production of pigment occurred at incubation temperature of 28C compared to 37C [50]. This pigment has been reported to act as fungal armor due to its ability to protect fungi from adverse conditions, neutralizing oxidants generated in response to stress. Silver nanoparticles incorporated Yarrowia lipolytica melanin exhibited antimicrobial activity against the pathogen Salmonella paratyphi, and they were also effective at disrupting biofilms on polystyrene as well as glass surfaces [123]. These results confirmed that fungal melanin could be used as component of photoprotective creams mainly for its free radical scavenging rather than its light absorption properties. Melanin pigment of Fonsecaea pedrosoi has antioxidant potential by reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II), ensuring the balance of its redox chemical microenvironment and minimizing the effect of oxidation of fundamental structures on fungal growth [104]. Studies have shown that synthetic melanin-like nanoparticles complexed with paramagnetic Fe3+ ions have potential as a highly efficient and nontoxic contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging instead of Gd3+-based contrast agents, which can cause nephrotoxicity [136]. Most Ascomycota fungi synthesize DHN-melanin from the polyketide synthase pathway, whereas few species are able to produce melanin through L-DOPA, in a pathway that resembles mammalian melanin biosynthesis [1113]. neuromelanin. Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. Miroslav Blumenberg. Back To Tokyo Vittorio Brena LABEL: Yesenia GENRE: Deep House RELEASED: 2023-02-17 DOWNLOAD SIZE:: 17,32 MB TRACKS 1. Melanin: What Makes Black People Black. This workis reproduced and distributedwith the permission of GreenMedInfo LLC. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! However, melanin has been observed to have other functions such as neuroprotection and energy production. A study on the use of melanin for the treatment of Parkinsons disease, an amelioration in the monkeys overall functional ability and secondary motor manifestations by the administration of an effective amount of melanin in monkeys treated with MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine), a toxin that causes a neurodegenerative disease, was observed. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. In A. nidulans strains, one tyrosinase was identified as the enzyme responsible for the production of melanin pigment, based on its substrate specificity (DOPA substrate) and susceptibility to inhibitors [91, 92]. Keywords fungi pigment melanin Want to learn more from GreenMedInfo? WebMelanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers A. Bernardus Mostert Citation:Mostert, A.B. Edited by Therefore, the pigmented biomass of the MEL1 mutant may be considered as a promising biosorbents for removal/recovery of the rare earth elements from wastewater due to the presence of the melanin increase significantly metal complexing capacity, improving the efficiency of biosorption process [157]. WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. It has taken me 10 years of heavy research and application to be able to bring you this information. Comparison of the catecholamines L-dopa, methyldopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine shows differences in term of color, yield, and thickness of the cell wall melanin layer. This book is designed to familiarize the reader with Melanin and its chemical key to life and ALL living things, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. About the author. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Experimental evidences indicate that the growth temperature influences the performance of the pigment production process, but this effect depends on the type of organism. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping 50% Discount on the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT on Patreon! Studies have shown that it is possible to use melanin as an ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared absorbing pigment in opthalmic devices, protective eyewear, windows, packaging material, umbrellas, canopies, and other similar media suitable for providing protection from radiation [139, 140]. A valuable biotechnological approach to the melanin-mediated synthesis of silver nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity has been developed. As shown in Table1, some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin. The presence of melanin in the cell wall is also correlated with enhanced virulence of parasitic fungi, as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis [17, 20, 21]. [145] reported that thin films of melanin were found to enhance Schwann cell growth and neurite extension in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) compared to collagen films in vitro. Large amounts of agro-industrial residues generated from diverse economic activities have attracted strong industry interest on the utilization of these residues as inexpensive substrates to support the growth of microorganisms in bioprocesses. This hypothesis is supported by the discovery of melanized fungi in soils contaminated by radioactive nuclides and areas around the damaged Chernobyl nuclear reactors, which not only survive high radiation levels but also have enhanced growth upon exposure [16, 19, 119, 120]. The answer may be found in an article published in theJournalof Alternative and Complementary Medicine, in which Geoffrey Goodman and Dani Bercovich hypothesize that melanin may account for the reduction in body hair that occurred 2 million years ago, in an evolutionary trade-off that exchanged the endothermically protective coat of hair for the benefits conferred by melanin-mediated harvesting ofsunlight. I have summarised and bulletpointed his main points. 20. Llaila O. Afrika. The optical and electronic properties of melanin have attracted the attention of researchers for the production of continuous thin films from conventional synthetic melanin, which have been used for a number of different device configurations, including chemi-sensors, next-generation solar cells, and a range of other detectors [126, 130, 134]. Rate this book. Several biological functions of melanins are closely associated to their chemical composition and structure. WebLiving Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body's most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. Fungi Trametes versicolor and Xylaria polymorpha tested on wood substrates produced maximum pigmentation at the pH range 4.55.0, except for Scytalidium cuboideum, which produce maximum intensity of red pigment at pH 6 and blue pigment at pH 8 [53]. on the Internet. At the same time you will be contributing to the Cop Stop Guardian Traffic Stop App! [34] reported that the extracellular melanin produced by the fungus S. commune was effective against human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its potential application in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. The incorporation of the melanin in solid plastic films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-melanin film system) to be used in conjunction with other plastics to make laminated sheets or lenses, including sunglasses, ski goggles, ophthalmic prescription lenses, helmets, windows, light filters for artificial lighting, and other light filters that protect people from potentially damaging UV and high-energy visible light has also been reported [141]. 2 (2012): 202-11,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 4.37. The production of high amounts of extracellular melanin by the fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex was obtained in cultures supplemented with tyrosine (2.5%) and peptone (1%) [64]. The extracellular melanin isolated from S. commune showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens and antifungal activity against dermatophytic fungi, Trichophyton simii, and T. rubrum [34]. The nontoxic and nonpathogenic natures, coupled with easy separation from cell biomass, are also preferred qualities. The A. auricula melanin displayed inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains, E. coli K-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and P. fluorescens P-3, and there was a proportional reduction in biofilm biomass with the increase in pigment concentration. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping It has also been reported that melanin thin films possess highly desirable physical and biological properties that make them ideal for organic bioelectronic devices [130]. Microbial pigments have gained attention owing to a growing interest of the industry in safer products, easily degradable, eco-friendly and do not cause harmful effects. Experimental evidence shows that the accumulation of 90Sr by conidia or mycelium by a range of microfungal species is greater in pigmented than in unpigmented species [158]. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen Apart from this scavenging ability, melanin exhibits other biological activities, including thermoregulatory, photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory [13, 17, 18, 3134]. Despite its high biocompatibility, the use of melanin as a novel biomaterial in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications reported in literature is still scarce. 68 pages, Paperback. These nanoparticles displayed excellent antifungal properties toward an Aspergillus sp. I) by Carol Barnes Melanin: The Organizing Molecule Berkley CA: Institute for the Study of Consciousnesses (Thesis) Message To The Blackman in America by Elijah Muhammad Metu Neter Vol. 100% Health cracked, 100% Universal Laws (operating here cracked, how to take advantage), In 100% describes Biblical Law of Jesus Christ which operates in this reality and leads These studies have shown that fungi can produce different types of melanins by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds [11, 27]. Ekaterina Dadachova and Arturo Casadevall, Ionizing Radiation: How FungiCope, Adapt, and Exploit with the Help of Melanin,Current Opinion inMicrobiology11, no. Ekaterina Revskaya et al., Compton Scattering by Internal Shields Basedon Melanin-Containing Mushrooms Provides Protection of GastrointestinalTract from Ionizing Radiation,Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals27, no. 6 (December 2008): 525-31,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.013. Want to read. Melanin films also induced an inflammation response that was comparable to silicone implants in vivo, and the implants were significantly resorbed after 8 weeks. Web A FREE Digital Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research and The Alkaline Cookbook Access to the Live Weekly Police Stop Law Class. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen The technical literature describes the integration of organic semiconducting polymers as melanin in silicon electronic devices in view of the possibility of achieving multifunctional systems that combine electrical and optical properties of semiconductors, the structural versatility and mechanical characteristics of materials, and processing polymeric [129]. 103 pages, Paperback Published September 1, 2001 The presence of unpaired electrons in the melanin structure is responsible for various properties, including antioxidant, semiconductor, optical, electronic, and radio- and photoprotective [19]. Melanin produced by Schizophyllum commune showed high free radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner, when the melanin concentration was increased from 10 to 50 g, the scavenging activity was also increased from 87% to 96%, similar to those obtained using ascorbic acid (standard compound used to measure free radical scavenging activity) [34]. 23 (2012): 8943-47,https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119948109. This turning pointfirst the hairlessness, then the expansion of the brainmay be directly traced back to melanin, exemplifying how paramount it is to our species resilience and survival. Dopaquinone, a highly reactive intermediate, forms leucodopachrome, which is then oxidized to dopachrome. The variation in human skin from dark, melanin-saturated African skin to light, relatively melanin-depigmented Caucasianskin may merely be a direct by-product of our last common ancestor from Africa migrating toward sunlight-impoverished higher latitudes 60,000 years ago. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) 19. With the current knowledge about physical and chemical properties and the broad spectrum of biological activities, fungal melanins have attracted growing interest for their potential use in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, nanotechnology, and materials science. Arturo S. Herrera et al., Beyond Mitochondria, What Would Be the Energy Source of the Cell?,Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry15, no. The evolutionary reason, however, is hard to pin down. pheomelanin. Web A FREE Digital Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research and The Alkaline Cookbook Access to the Live Weekly Police Stop Law Class. First published October 15, 2009. 30. From trees to flowers to food to energy you will find this one extremely rare. Despite the difference in their origins, melanin pigments have a number of common characteristics that allow them to fulfill their protective function. Rate this book. The melanin produced by A. bridgeri was evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity assay using cell lines TE 355.Sk derived from normal human skin fibroblasts and HEK-293 derived from human embryonic kidney cells, and no cytotoxicity was observed against the two cell lines [103]. The electrical conductivity properties of this biopolymer are similar to those of amorphous semiconductor solids, and then it can be considered an organic semiconductor, which is largely available and biocompatible and, consequently, cheaper and easier to process with respect to inorganic semiconductors, as silicon germanium. Book details & editions. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. It was reported that melanin isolated from the fungus G. simplex reduced the radiation-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-), which might help in the recovery from radiation injury by preventing the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress [33]. From such side effects the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 after... 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