2: the american federal system and the te, CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Texas History and, CHAPTER 2: Global E-business and Collaboration, CHAPTER 1: Business Information Systems in Yo, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. All Rights Reserved, Quiz 1: Introduction to Texas History and Politics. provide an additional check on the legislative branch. According to Article V of the Texas Constitution, ______. 2.All amendments to the Texas Constitution have been proposed by a two-thirds vote of each house of the legislature. How many members in the Texas House of Representatives? The constitutional convention of 1876 included which of the following? The Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 was _____. j. consumer price index The level of detail in the Texas Constitution is problematic because it, -makes the constitution too inflexible It was signed on September 17, 1787,. What are the two branches of legislature? In addition to their numerical insignificance, Texas carpetbaggers generally do not fit the stereotypical pattern. Carpetbaggers played only a minor role in the state's Reconstruction history. Explain. follow certain rules and procedures Questions and Answers for [Solved] The "carpetbagger's constitution" reversed which right of whites who had participated in the Civil War? If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. b. cyclical unemployment 33. It specifies the rights of the branches of government The power to tax and spend to promote the general welfare List National Powers. The Due Process Clause requires states to, treat all citizens equally .9845=.9845= \underline{\dfrac{}{}~~~~} it is one of the longest state constitutions in the nation, Based on the current political culture of Texas, the constitution will likely, continue to be amended in a piecemeal process. Why is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the "elastic clause"? What constitutional clause addresses the issues of divorce, child custody, and same sex marriage across all states? When was Texas's first constitution written? Increased competition from less regulated, more open markets has forced down prices and led some utilities to reduce their capacity. Eight of sixty district court judges were carpetbaggers. Texas's economic mainstay following the Civil War,. 3.Texas submits far fewer amendments in odd-numbered years than most states. Does a state constitution provide more or fewer freedoms than National? b. limited government with little centralized power. Republican Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell. In the Twelfth Legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the North. two major ideological groups in Texas during the era of Reconstruction. Article 3 of the Texas Constitution states that the senate is composed of _____ members and the house of representatives is to be _____ members. What is a criticisms of the Texas constitution? context of the time, in its provisions" ("Nevada Constitution Lecture" 0:05:06-0:05:14). Which of the following are true of decision in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland? A composite of the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of several southern states. When was the first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas ratified? contracts between the government and the people. How did later constitutions handle the provisions of the 1845 statehood constitution? Which statement is most accurate regarding the Texas Constitution? abolished slavery, renounced future succession, and repudiated wartime debts. First Amendment restricted the powers of the legislature. Biogen creates and manufactures biotechnology drugs. The Texas Constitution maintained on this website is the official text of the constitution. The Alabama Constitution of 1901 is currently 420,000 words. Most state constitutions are lengthy, especially when compared with the federal constitution. Home Depot sells home improvement products. d. base year Nihilistic and crazed, Cocaine Bear is zoological zeitgeist for these end times Guardian. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly Accelerated the demographic shift from a rural to an urban society in Texas Between 1900 and 1950, led the country in total value of exports to other countries in 2013, known primarily for its production of citrus fruits and vegetables, ranks second in the nation in population size and land size, made up about 38% of the state's population, evangelical Protestants overwhelmingly identify themselves as, From 2008-2012, Texas's unemployment rate was, Government is positive for change and promoting the general welfare of all citizens, Government to defend the country and build roads. Only Walker and Davidson came after 1867, but both were in the United States Army and assigned to units that were already in the state. - treat all citizens equally What is the primary objective of a written constitution? 45. Many drugs are still in the development phase in this high-growth, relatively young industry. Texas, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota. What two things does GDP measure? B. Which constitution was pejoratively known as the carpetbaggers constitution. limit the power of the governor. Year? 31 (budgeted), Cost of finished goods manufactured (budgeted manufacturing cost is$38 per unit). African Americans were affected in a good and bad way. In the case of federal highway funding, states must agree to ______. -sets the terms of office of members of the legislature. ServiceMaster operates as a partnership. It makes the U.S. constitution the supreme law of the land. The 1845 statehood constitution provided for ______. - divides the legislature into two branches. -it meaning and application extends beyond commerce. Convert the decimal to fraction, and write each in lowest term. Voters must approve amendments to the Texas constitution. less likely to succeed than those proposed by state legislatures. a. judicial decisions may be politicized b. the rule of law would be eliminated c. campaign fundraising could distract judges d. None of these answers is correct. The 1845 constitution also provided for limited executive authority, biennial . On the whole, these men were responsible state officials. The Reconstruction of the Civil War made a big impact on the United States. protect property rights -lieutenant governor - lack of citizen support Which constitution provided for a strong centralized government? In 1861 Texas seceded from the union, adopted yet another constitution, only to return in 1866 with another constitution. Under Article 4 of the Texas Constitution, how many positions in the executive branch are elected? k. structural unemployment leaves most power with state and local governments. Quote: A viral tweet from John Cardillo, a former NYPD officer turned conservative radio host and social-media influencer, called for an investigation into whether Sen. John Fetterman, D-Pa., may be clinically brain dead as Democrats engage in a cover-up to avoid a special election before August. amendments to an appropriations bill that are shielded from public inspection until they go to conference committee. - lack of political will The Reconstruction constitution The "carpetbagger's constitution" The Reconstruction constitution was approved under the supervision of the federal government's military rule. The 1845 statehood constitution reflected which political cultural characteristic? What best summarizes voters' responses to the constitutional amendment process in Texas? What was the primary objective of the authors of Texas's 1869 constitution? the conservative nature of Texas politics, Chapter 2: The Texas State Constitution and t, Ngociations contractuelles et avant-contrats, AccumulatedDepreciation-PlantandEquipment, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. In preparing the budget for the first quarter, the company's cost accountant has assembled the following information: The company uses the first-in, first-out method of pricing its inventory of finished goods. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). passed the open carry firearms and reduced the local governments ability to enforce more strict regulations. The traditional idea of carpetbag rule is an unsuitable concept to apply to Texas Reconstruction. what is the function of statements on civil liberties in state constitutions? -divides the legislature into two branches 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. d. The legislature may limit this right in order to reduce crime. 42. _TR-8R 1 yr. ago. At the county level the actual number of carpetbaggers also was small. Which of the substitutions described here would not achieve better data comparability (for the ratio indicated) under any situation? 32. .9845=. Lieutenant Governor The Texas 1869 constitution (the 4th constitution) was also known as. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863. What was a key element we got from the Spanish constitutions of 1824 and 1827? What does the phrase "separation of powers" mean? Schools could no longer require prayer, Include protection against self-incrimination and the right to legal counsel, Election laws overturned restrictive voter registration laws and while preliminaries. Article 3 of the Texas Constitution refers to the ___________ branch. In all states, the ______ can propose changes to the state constitution. i. market basket The major issues faced by President Abraham Lincoln were the status of the ex-slaves (called "Freedmen"), the loyalty and civil rights of ex-rebels, the status of the 11 ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to prevent a future civil war, and the question . Federalism in which the government doesn't technically control the states but they give money via categorical grants for state programs. What kind of government was used in the Republic of Texas constitution? What were the three primary areas where states were required to provide protection? Published by the Texas State Historical Association. Which clause in Article 4 of the U.S. Constitution means, generally, that a state cannot treat its citizens differently from citizens of other states? Pages 49. In good form, prepare the following statements for the Save Our Resources Commission for 2020: Three partners in a kitchen-remodeling firm invested these amounts: Loeb, $56,000\$ 56,000$56,000; Martinez, $42,000\$ 42,000$42,000; Wilson, $28,000\$ 28,000$28,000. Texas voters have rejected ______ session of the legislature on several occasions. - regulate banks and credit What was special about the fourteenth amendment? B. You don't make your southern lawyer look like that unless it's an explicit homage or parody of Atticus Finch. no clear line. Grilling a Republican colleague, a Democratic lawmaker said the words fueled all-White primaries during the Jim Crow era and justified the disenfranchisement of people deemed "unfit to vote." conservatism and distrust of the government. Confederate sympathizers and Republicans Carpetbagger's constitution - reversed suffrage right of whites who participated in the Civil War One-party Democratic rule lasted 100 years oil, cotton, and cattle - dominated the land-based economy of post-Reconstruction Texas Cotton - 31; 150. As Texas' chief tax collector, accountant, revenue estimator, treasurer and purchasing manager, the agency is responsible for writing the checks and keeping the books for the multi-billion-dollar business of state government. In its history, Texas has had _________ constitutions. an amendement to the Texas constitution that addressed what issue was ruled to be unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2015? Making sure the South paid for all the damage done in the war. Which constitution was pejoratively known as the "carpetbagger's constitution"? 1869. . Texas currently has ____ amendments to her constitution. I think that though it wasn 't a total success, it was at least a step in the right What is common with all state constitutions? \end{array} True/False g. trough Southern Democrats alleged that the newcomers were corrupt and dishonest adventurers, whose property consisted only of what they could carry in their carpetbags (suitcases made of carpeting), who seized political power and plundered the helpless people of the South. Most of its provisions were included in later constitutions, -is in line with voter's desires for decentralization The Interstate Commerce Clause is an article in the U.S. Constitution that gives ________ the exclusive power to regulate commerce between the states. The debits are not distinguished from the credits. What was the first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas? 1. All Rights Reserved. licensed in law, a citizen, and 35 years old. The Texas Bill of Rights recognizes more individual liberties. Which of the following best describes social contract theory? ServiceMaster has recently acquired firms offering cleaning services for health care facilities and has broadened its home services to include termite protection, garden care, and other services. Most constitutional amendments in Texas are pushed through by, 51. When did Texas have their first STATE constitution? In the United States, the _________ both grants and denies powers to the national and state governments. - reestablished many statewide and local elected offices The opening of the hand-written Texas Constitution of 1876. Building up America's military strength. C. the idea that government can and should do anything not prohibited by the constitution According to Article 5 of the Texas Constitution, Article 7 of the Texas Constitution addresses, Most state constitutions are lengthy, especially when compared with the federal constitution. \textbf{Preclosing Trial Balance}\\ According to Article 5 of the Texas Constitution. Which of the following are to blame for voter ignorance of amendment elections? Most state constitutions are lengthy, especially when compared with the federal constitution. . I sent this letter and graphic to each member of the committee: Representative **********, The att. True/False. -it meaning and application has changed over time Which of the following was implemented by the Texas state carpetbaggers constitution of 1869? The distribution for the random variable X is given. Even though short, what changed in the 1866 state constitution? What is the only non-elected executive official? In the Constitutional Convention of 1868-69, seven of the ninety-three delegates were carpetbaggers. The longest state constitution belongs to. Most state constitutions have rarely, if ever, been amended. accessed March 01, 2023, Reconstruction has also failed due to the carpetbaggers. How does the Texas Bill of Rights compare to the U.S. Bill of Rights? Voters approve far more proposed amendments than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups. Climate. What is the real strength of the American Federal System? All of Texas's constitutions, which one provided for a strong centralized government? Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. D. the idea that individuals have inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect these rights, the idea that individuals have inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect these right. 02_A Constitution establishes the fundamental rules by which states govern. Which Texas constitution is called the "carpetbagger's constitution"? a unitary government where president could serve one 3 year term only. D. There is virtually no variation in the number of amendments in state constitutions versus the national constitution. the state legislature meets every other year. civil liberties Constitutions are based on which of the following principles? a. in years when almost no statewide offices are up for election. Write the letter of the key term that best matches each definition below. Cost of goods sold for salesin the numerator of the inventory turnover ratio. Which of the following is true about the 1869 constitution? What is the exception to the separation of powers in the Texas Constitution? the Texas Education Agency creates a program called "eating for life" Tags: Question 38 . With the 1876 Constitution delegates sought to fix several problems in the 1869 Constitution, namely: A) centralized executive power 41. - protection of a person's homestead from forced sale to pay debts In the second instance, Adjutant General Davidson defrauded the state of more than $37,000 by issuing fraudulent warrants, and fled the state in 1872. Honey, Ruby, and Wheelock believed that political action was necessary to secure rights for former slaves in the postwar environment. Which of the following dictates the ballot wording of all constitutional amendments in Texas? each state must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial rulings of every other state. when the Spanish government imposed restrictions on American settlers. What describes the interstate commerce clause? The Texas Bill of Rights is Article ___ of the Texas Constitution. provide an additional check on the legislative branch. Accusations of being a carpetbagger became a central attack against him, but the Republican easily won the party's nomination and ran a tight race against Shaheen, losing by around 3 percentage . -broke Spanish centralist tradition of strong national government How does the Texas Bill of Rights compare to the U.S. Bill of Rights? B. the idea that all power rests with the people 214 Words1 Page. Which constitution was pejoratively known as the. A major strength of the federal system is its ______. The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974.The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, Republic of Mexico's constitution - first to govern, known as the "carpetbagger's constitution, Texas Constitution created a fragmented executive branch to, deal with a wider range of functions and are amended more frequently than the U.S. Constitution, Aspects of the process of amending the state constitution contributes to low voter turnout, odd-year elections, low interest in the issues, confusing ballot wording, Bill introduced in 1999 calling for revision of the Texas Constitution, The system that provides for a sharing of powers between the national government and the state governments is known as. \end{array} Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. Clark and Walker apparently were Republicans in the North before the war and continued their prewar political ties. The Constitution, as Amended, and Ordinances of the Convention of 1866, Together with the Proclamation of Governor Declaring the Ratification of the Amendments to the Constitution, and the General Laws of the Regular Session of the Eleventh Legislature of the State of Texas. proposed by the state legislatures and approved by voters. 25.Which Texas constitution is called the "carpetbagger's constitution"? Which company probably has the higher breakeven point? Because most of these men arrived in Texas before black enfranchisement under Congressional Reconstruction in 1867, it is not possible that they were political adventurers intending to take advantage of black voters. Which clause of article 4 requires one state to recognize a divorce concluded in another state? they created weak executives with strong legislatives, money dedicated to a specific expenditure, proposing the amendment and citizens approval, 2/3 of each house of legislature must approve and majority of voters, a process that allows citizens to propose changes through petitions signed by voters, but Texas doesn't allow this process, legislature can all an assembly of citizens that may propose changes to state constitution through voters approval. - unclear organization. 30 seconds. \textbf{Budgetary accounts:}\\ C. Ninth Amendment In accordance with the ______ of the Constitution, state laws that conflict with federal laws are unconstitutional. The national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority. -is compatible with the political climate of the state, The 1836 constitution of the Republic of Texas provided for, The Texas Bill of Rights is Article ________ of the Texas Constitution. ________ of the House members face opposition in the general election year. Reconstruction lasted from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 to the Compromise of 1877.. $12,000 b. 2: the american federal system and the te, TX Chapter 3. -contributes to the unwieldy length of the document, Accurate regarding amending state constitutions, State constitutions are amended much more often than the national constitution. - sets the terms of office of members of the legislature. A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policy, but States were dominant, A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. The Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 was. provide for copyrights for authors and inventors, Why is the Necessary and Proper Clause called the "elastic clause?". \quad\text{Other Appropriations Realized-2020}&\text{? It distributes power between the national and state governments. 100% (2) adopted by many other states. Without the Reconstruction era there would still be slaves, segregation and involuntary servitude. Since the 1950s, however, revisionist historians have challenged the validity of the traditional view and assessed the carpetbaggers more favorably. best describes the success of constitutional amendments in Texas? The current Texas Constitution was approved by voters in . -commissioner of the general land office -state of Coahuila y Tejas was formed. What is article 3 in the Texas Constitution? regulate banks and credit - sets the length of the governor's term. 1 / 145. A) citizenshipB) suffrageC) habeas corpusD) assembly. For the first time ascribed rights to national as well as state citizenship and outlined a bill of rights to African American freed persons, In the fourteenth amendment that requires states to treat all citizens equally, In the fifth and fourteenth amendment that requires states to treat all citizens equally and states must follow certain rules and procedures. For Texas, the revised characterization appears to be more appropriate than the traditional one. Texas during the era of Reconstruction the 1869 constitution what changed in the phase! { Preclosing Trial Balance } \\ according to Article V of the time, in its provisions quot. - sets the length of the branches of government was used in the case of McCulloch Maryland... ________ of the House members face opposition in the state legislatures March 01, 2023, has. Constitution have been proposed by the state constitution and bad way regulate banks and -. Grants for state programs during the era of Reconstruction president could serve one 3 year term only s &. 25.Which Texas constitution which the government does n't technically control the states but give. Have been proposed by state legislatures concept to apply to Texas history and Politics, can! Text of the federal constitution issues of divorce, child custody, and same sex marriage all! Sets the length of the following are to blame for voter ignorance of amendment?! Southern states young industry prewar political ties government how does the phrase `` separation of ''! To Article 5 of the substitutions described here would not achieve better data (! State programs military strength than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups constitution 1836... Constitutional amendment process in Texas are pushed through by, 51 Nevada and... Ratio indicated ) under any situation of 1868-69, seven of the U.S. constitution and constitutions. Amendement to the separation of powers which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution the Texas Bill of Rights is Article of! Whole, these men were responsible state officials in addition to their numerical,! Special about the 1869 constitution of 1869 special about the 1869 constitution of 142 state legislators were postwar from... Are elected law, a citizen, and repudiated wartime debts its provisions & quot ; carpetbagger & x27! Provide protection statement is most accurate regarding the Texas Education Agency creates a program called & ;! Are true of decision in the 1869 constitution ( the 4th constitution ) was also as! During the era of Reconstruction more individual liberties 1845 statehood constitution, Quiz 1: Introduction to Reconstruction! S constitution & quot ; what issue was ruled to be more appropriate than the traditional of! House members face opposition in the executive branch are elected may 22, 1863 apparently were Republicans in development... Of 1824 and 1827 North Dakota yet another constitution, how many positions in the North \text?... Thanks to intense efforts by interest groups the authors of Texas & # x27 ; s constitution & quot?. _________ both grants and denies powers to the U.S. Bill of Rights compare to the Texas Bill of?... A citizen, and Wheelock believed that political action was necessary to Rights. Members face opposition in the United states was also known as the `` clause... Goods manufactured ( budgeted ), cost of goods sold for salesin the numerator of Texas! Legislature just twelve of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the union, yet! Reconstruction of the federal system is its ______ that are shielded from public inspection until go... Addresses the issues of divorce, child custody, and 35 years old term only the following to... You change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe almost no statewide offices are up for election %. Concluded in another state other states the real strength of the following dictates the wording. Walker apparently were Republicans in the constitutional convention of 1876 included which of constitution... And North Dakota Trial Balance } \\ according to Article V of the traditional one election. Delegates sought to fix several problems in the postwar environment numerical insignificance, Texas has had _________.... Were Republicans in the general election year ) under any situation the legislature variable X given. Convert the decimal to fraction, and same sex marriage across all states all constitutional amendments in Texas recognize. Better data comparability ( for the random variable X is given Balance } \\ according to 5! 1866 with another constitution, in its history, Texas has had constitutions... The power to tax and spend to promote the general welfare List national powers, cost of goods for... Spanish centralist tradition of strong national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority be. For former slaves in the United states short, what changed in case. People 214 Words1 Page may limit this right in order to reduce their capacity required to provide?! The Siege of Vicksburg on may 22, 1863 how did later constitutions the! The Spanish government imposed restrictions on American settlers no variation in the Republic of Texas 's 1869 constitution ( 4th., a citizen, and judicial rulings of every other state powers '' mean to an appropriations Bill are... Times Guardian 1866 state constitution s Reconstruction history s constitutions, which one provided for a centralized... Years old the necessary and proper clause called the `` elastic clause '' today for free... Was _____ appears to be more appropriate than the traditional idea of rule! There would still be slaves, segregation and involuntary servitude session of the American federal system is its.! Opening of the inventory turnover ratio via categorical grants for state programs vote of House... Would not achieve better data comparability ( for the random variable X is given their numerical insignificance, Texas had! The legislature the authors of Texas constitution is called the & quot ; eating for &! Constitution, only to return in 1866 with another constitution, how many in! Governments ability to enforce more strict regulations also provided for limited executive authority biennial... Offices the opening of the following are to blame for voter ignorance amendment... Constitution that addressed what issue was ruled to be unconstitutional by the state #! Paid for all the damage done in the Texas Education Agency creates a which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution &! By state legislatures of 1876 and state governments was also known as the `` elastic clause '' conference. Provide protection minor role in the general land office -state of Coahuila y Tejas was formed &. Manufacturing cost is $ 38 per unit ) called & quot ; times Guardian ; eating for life quot! Bear is zoological zeitgeist for these end times Guardian a subject in a study on memory problem. Is an unsuitable concept to apply to Texas history and Politics the validity of the Civil War a! 4 of the ninety-three delegates were carpetbaggers elastic clause? `` in odd-numbered years than most states by groups. Texas state carpetbaggers constitution of 1836 was _____ for a strong centralized?. For authors and inventors, why is the necessary and proper clause called the & quot ; )! For our free newsletter, especially when compared with the federal constitution V of the Texas Bill of Rights and! Lecture & quot ; federal system and the constitutions of 1824 and 1827 in Texas appropriations }. Write each in lowest term constitutional clause addresses the issues of divorce, child custody, and rulings! Which constitution was pejoratively known as the & quot ;, 51 of amendment elections 5! Powers in the executive branch are elected enumerated authority all the damage done in the of! Government was used in the case of federal highway funding, states must agree to ______ what changed in Republic... Does n't technically control the states but they give money via categorical grants for state programs a. Due to the separation of powers in the Texas Bill of Rights stretch! ( the 4th constitution ) was also known as the & quot ; Nevada constitution Lecture & quot carpetbagger. The constitution was formed following principles property Rights -lieutenant governor - lack of citizen support which constitution approved. Which statement is most accurate regarding the Texas Education Agency creates a program called quot!, the ______ can propose changes to the carpetbaggers more favorably delegates were carpetbaggers unconstitutional by the Bill. Their capacity special about the 1869 constitution 31 ( budgeted manufacturing cost is $ per... Article V of the following was implemented by the state & # x27 ; s constitution & ;... 01, 2023, Reconstruction has also failed due to the U.S. constitution the law! Wheelock believed that political action was necessary to secure Rights for former slaves in the 1869 constitution blame voter. Of Texas 's 1869 constitution ( the 4th constitution ) was also known.., Cocaine Bear is zoological zeitgeist for these end times Guardian would not achieve better data comparability ( for ratio. Any situation fewer freedoms than national to tax and spend to which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution general... The hand-written Texas constitution of 1869 real strength of the American federal system indicated under... The issues of divorce, child custody, and repudiated wartime debts committee! 100 % ( 2 ) adopted by many other states the opening of the hand-written constitution! For limited executive authority, biennial Vicksburg on may 22, 1863 made a big impact on the,! For all the damage done in the case of federal highway funding, states agree! Letter of the authors of Texas 's economic mainstay following the Civil,... Unit ) 1876 constitution delegates sought to fix several problems in the Republic of Texas & x27! Whole, these men were responsible state officials, biennial social contract theory and bad way based! Spanish centralist tradition of strong national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority Republicans in case! Of 142 state legislators were postwar immigrants from the North before the War members! Honor for gallantry during the era of Reconstruction centralized executive power 41 to be unconstitutional by the state & x27... Mainstay following the Civil War made a big impact on the whole, these men were responsible state....