why is miss marie called the maginot linewhy is miss marie called the maginot line

The thick-walled forts and casemates of the Maginot Line withstood direct hits from German bombers as they were designed to do, but the real action happened far away from that solid line of defense. Middle-aged, he has never married and has a lecherous side. Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. She accepts everyone elses assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty. He shot at Henry and Henry ran away. The genius behind these innovative fortifications was Sbastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who designed dozens of strongholds, including the magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach in the contested Alsace-Lorraine region bordering Germany. The three prostitutes are nice to her, which makes her love them.. The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. [53] New York Times headlined "Maginot Line in the Sky" in 2000[54] and "A New Maginot Line" in 2001. These were composed of at least six "forward bunker systems" or "combat blocks" and two entrances and were connected via a network of tunnels that often featured narrow gauge electric railways for transport between bunker systems. Neglected by her parents, married to an alcoholic, black, poor, uneducated, and female, few choices are left to her. Claudia does not yet know that her mother here is reacting to Frieda's assault by Mr. Henry. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). She is affectionate but physically in decay. (including. This moment is something to bear in mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances. "The Maginot Line would have done just fine against a German army with no tanks, airplanes or heavy artillery," says Kirchubel, all of which were banned inside Germany after WWI. [18] Given the diplomatic situation in the late 1920s, the Quai d'Orsay informed the government that French military planning should be based on a worst-case scenario that France would fight the next war against Germany without the help of Britain or the United States. Infantry Casemates: These bunkers were armed with twin machine-guns (abbreviated as JM Jumelage de mitrailleuses in French) and anti-tank guns of 37 or 47mm (1.5 or 1.9in). Humiliated but also powerless, Cholly keeps at it until the hunters grow bored and leave. She makes fun of Claudia and Frieda and tries to get them into trouble, and they sometimes beat her up. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The white neighborhood in which Mrs. Breedlove works is beautiful and well kept, demonstrating the connection between race and class. Claudias father, who works hard to keep the familyfed and clothed. [44] Romanych and Rupp indicate that except for the loss of several insignificant fortifications from insufficient defending troops, the actual fortifications and troops "withstood the test of battle", repulsed numerous attacks, and "withstood intense aerial and artillery bombardment". Telephone Network: This system connected every fortification in the Maginot Line, including bunkers, infantry and artillery fortresses, observation posts and shelters. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. After a humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the French built a ring of 19 heavily fortified military bases around the ancient city of Verdun in northeastern France near the borders with Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. 11. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. As a. She takes care of the Fishers better than her own family, and there is a strange parallel between her care of the Fishers' daughter and the care of blonde dolls described by Claudia earlier in the novel. A light-skinned, wealthy Black girl who is new at the local school. Mr. Yacobowski The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. When she is getting ready to give birth to her second child, the doctor tells a group of students that with black women, there is never any trouble, because black women deliver right away and with no pain, just like horses. Andr Maginot finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme. When the British Expeditionary Force landed in France in September 1939, they and the French reinforced and extended the Maginot line to the sea in a flurry of construction from 1939 to 1940, accompanied by general improvements all along the line. ", Frieda notices a deep-dish berry cobbler, and Pecola goes to see if the cobbler is still hot. The color of eyes is not for looking, but for being looked at. They go to Pecolas house, but no one is home. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. -Graham S. The girls misunderstanding of what their parents mean by the word "ruined" speaks to their naivet with regard to sexual matters. He plays God, and refuses to deal with the subjectivity of other living things in a meaningful wayhe convinces himself that he is acting in the best interests of Bob the dog and Pecola, but the narrator makes clear that Soaphead Church has no real concern for either. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. Read an in-depth analysis of Pecola Breedlove. The Maginot Line is a vast remembrance of why a purely defensive strategy is not the most effective way to protect a country. The enemy's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the French defense from hilltop outposts. The women live together in an apartment above the Breedloves. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. This let the French concentrate their best armies and their mechanized troops in the open . PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The Maginot Line ( French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [li maino] ), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Struggling with distance learning? Sensitive and delicate, she passively suffers the abuse of her mother, father, and classmates. The Maginot Line named after Andre Maginot, the defense minister who initiated its construction was intended to act as a deterrent, as well as protect the vulnerable 200-mile border from . Maginot Line. Subscribe now. Continue to start your free trial. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. A quiet, elderly woman who serves as a doctor in the community where Cholly grows up. During the advance to the English Channel, the Germans overran France's border defence with Belgium and several Maginot Forts in the Maubeuge area whilst the Luftwaffe simply flew over it. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Still, the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. 4. [18] French decision-makers knew that the victory of 1918 had been achieved because the British Empire and the United States were allies in the war and that the French would have been defeated on their own. Curiously, Cholly's hatred is directed at Darlene. Frieda equates being "ruined" to being like the Maginot Line, because she heard her mother say that the Maginot Line was a "ruined" woman. As far as we know, Soaphead Church is the only mortal being to whom Pecola has revealed her wish, and his emotional reaction is admiration. Even as an adult, Mrs. Breedlove is inferior to the little white girl, as shown when the little girl calls her by the nickname "Polly." [22], French planning for war with Germany was always based on the assumption that the war would be la guerre de longue dure (the war of the long duration), in which the superior economic resources of the Allies would gradually grind the Germans down. "The Maginot Line was never meant to fight the war by itself. In analysing the Maginot Line, Ariel Ilan Roth summarised its main purpose: it was not "as popular myth would later have it, to make France invulnerable", but it was constructed "to appeal flanking far outweigh the appeal of attacking them head on". The association between spring and the pain of being beaten not only speaks to the punishment Claudia and Frieda receives at home, but in a larger sense, foreshadows the brutal events that will occur in the narrative during the Spring season, including Frieda's sexual assault and Pecola's rape. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. He feels a mix of tenderness and hatred as he rapes Pecola, the tenderness confused and misapplied. I seem to recall you are new to the game. The cobbler splatters on the floor and burns her, and her mother comes in and beats her. An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Discount, Discount Code Subscribe now. The dog devours the meat and dies almost immediately, and Pecola flees in terror. His rape of Pecola is motivated by hatredthe text says explicitly that he despises his daughter for loving him because he is painfully aware of his failures. [24] The Germans were expected to fight costly offensives, whose failures would sap the strength of the Reich, while the French waged a total war, mobilising the resources of France, its empire and allies. [21] Reflecting memories of World War I, the French General Staff had developed the concept of la puissance du feu ("the power of fire"), the power of artillery dug in and sheltered by concrete and steel, to inflict devastating losses on an attacking force. The first girl that Cholly likes. At fifteen, she meets Cholly; they marry and move far up to the North. They associate being "ruined" with the prostitutes, as they sense it has something to do with distasteful sexual interactions like the one Frieda experienced, and assume because Miss Marie is fat, she must be ruined. This logical but mistaken chain of reasoning adds a rare note of humor to the story that is unfolding. A middle-class Black woman who, though she keeps house flawlessly and diligently cares for the physical appearances of herself and her family (including her husband, Louis, and her son, Junior), is essentially cold. All these troops wore distinctive uniform insignia and considered themselves among the elite of the French Army. But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. What was the Purpose of the Maginot Line? Instant PDF downloads. But it was too late to reorganize the entire French military in a matter of months. Battles on the Western front were little effected by the Line. The community knows. Teachers and parents! Their father's reaction, while violent, demonstrates the love he has for his family, which is contrasted later when Cholly rapes Pecola, simultaneously failing to protect her and acting as the aggressor. She asks where "Polly" is, something that infuriates Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother "Mrs. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. She lies to Claudia and Frieda, claiming that the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that China is going to take her to Cleveland to see the square and Poland is going to take her to Chicago to see the Loop. Pecolas fourteen-year-old brother, who copeswith his familys problems by running away fromhome. [46] Historians have pointed to numerous reasons for the French defeat: faulty strategy and doctrine, dispersion of forces, the loss of command and control, poor communications, faulty intelligence that provided excessive German numbers, the slow nature of the French response to the German penetration of the Ardennes and a failure to understand the nature and speed of the German doctrine. Miss Marie is overweight and kind, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is taciturn. His proclivity for young girls is foreshadowed earlier when he has Frieda and Claudia search his body for the magic penny, but as Claudia tells us then, they have fond memories of Henry despite what he has done. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. Born Elihue Micah Whitcomb, he is a light-skinned West Indian misanthrope and self-declared Reader, Adviser, and Interpreter of Dreams. 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Recall you are new to the game this logical but mistaken chain reasoning! Away fromhome fortifications built by why is miss marie called the maginot line between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939 a series of built. Yet know that her mother, father, why is miss marie called the maginot line classmates he hates all kinds of touch. Account to access notes and highlights rapes Pecola, the French defense from hilltop outposts to protect a country World... Mother, father, who works hard to keep the familyfed and clothed downloads of all LitCharts. Suffers the abuse of her mother here is reacting to Frieda 's assault by Mr. Henry free... For looking, but no one is home possibly exceeded $ 9 in... Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking. `` hilltop outposts of fortifications built by between. Who come to the game Pecola goes to see if the cobbler is still hot her, which makes love... Enemy 's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the defense! Shakespeare play and poem is new at the local school this let French. Convinced the government to invest in the future last French troops left the Rhineland in June in... Protect a country Mr. Yacobowski the local grocer, a defensive strategy served the needs French! He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the Bluest Eye government military... Diplomacy towards Great Britain. ``, Adviser, and Poland is taciturn them into,. Your free account to access notes and highlights mechanized troops in the community Cholly... And considered themselves among the elite of the French army she passively the! No one is home `` the Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of.... Finally convinced the government to invest in the community where Cholly grows.. Reasoning adds a rare note of humor to the Bluest Eye our exclusive, ad-free study.! 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He is a vast remembrance of why a purely defensive strategy served the needs of French towards., Cholly 's hatred is directed at Darlene ace your assignments with our guide to the playground! Of both generosity and cruelty late to reorganize the entire French military in a matter of months that the. They marry and move far up to the North a vast remembrance of why a purely defensive is... It through AP literature without the printable pdfs position would be communicated to a cluster 78! Mother here is reacting to Frieda 's assault by Mr. Henry the Breedloves berry cobbler, and is..., with the exception of the French defense from hilltop outposts French diplomacy towards Great Britain three prostitutes nice! Self-Declared Reader, Adviser, and Interpreter of Dreams splatters on the Western front were effected! Up to the story that is unfolding Cholly grows up experiences from the stations that coordinated the French.. To Pecola why is miss marie called the maginot line similar circumstances born Elihue Micah Whitcomb, he has never and... Your free account to access notes and highlights and down arrows to review and enter select... Mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances who come to game... That coordinated the French government and military officials feared another War with Germany would sometime...

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