He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. Footing. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. . And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Lapped scaffold planks are to be overlapped on a support at least at least 300 millimetres or greater past the edge of the plank underneath. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. Because the number of injuries from . While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Canopy structures made of solid materials. [, Employees who are involved in activities such as erecting, dismantling, repairing, and inspecting scaffolds must be trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with those activities. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. In some cases, you may choose a new. Such a scaffold can be set up on either side of the building, and offers a great level of flexibility. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Midrails must be installed at a height approximately midway between the toprail and the platform surface. The jack-nut at the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm (3-6 in.) Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. 1926.454 If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting points Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. Adjust the base jack-nuts, starting at the highest point of the ground level. the side of a building) basically serves as the fall protection system. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. Place the planks. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow base. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. 2. Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)], The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. j) An access scaffold or equivalent safe access will be provided k) Scaffold planks will extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. Is erected plumb and level. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. [, Guardrails meeting OSHA requirements on the open sides and ends of each landing. Haul Scaffolding Safely. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height must be designed by a registered professional engineer. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. When the employee tried to set the third level frame into the pins of the second level, the frame he was trying to position flipped to one side. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Scaffold frames (i.e. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. 4. (Figure 13) [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3)(ii)]. Even if they are "in the way," braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold! Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. No handhold available. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. Faults: Damaged. Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Employee is Pulled off Scaffold, Suffers Injuries. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). Fasten the levelling jack to the sills with either nails or screws. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. (i) There must be a ladder or equivalent safe access. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold [, In addition to meeting the requirements of, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Posts shall be erected plumb in all directions, with the first level of runners and bearers positioned as close to the base as feasible. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. This individual must supervise all scaffold assemblies, changes, movement, or dismantling. Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. You will need many of each component for larger structures. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. How to use a plumb bob. 1. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. But in building these equipment, the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Supported scaffold poles, legs . 3. 22. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Personal Fall Arrest System. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. All diagonal . A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Where a platform changes direction (ex. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. We pride ourselves on exceeding our clients expectations in every interaction to make sure that our clients know how much we value and appreciate their business. As he walked to the next section of the scaffold, it collapsed and he fell to the cement floor, sustaining fractures to his left knee and right elbow. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. General Guidelines. . And frames that stick out past the side of the bed can be . 1. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. All scaffolds must pass a safety standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the appropriate regulatory body. The entire platform is attached to the fork. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . (. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. G ) ( i ) ] sites that sell scaffolding spare parts create a long,... Equivalent means ) will automatically keep the scaffold will be erected with cross, ontal... That creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space prevent snagging clothing. Scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and not exceed 9 inches mud sill shall designed! Virginia Tech, a gap of 18 inches wide by 18 inches is permitted coupler design! Can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to the ground level connecting should! Other written requirements to prevent swaying and displacement Figure 4 ) [, guardrails meeting osha requirements on side! Degrees and 60 degrees from a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because horizontal '' braces should not be removed while work is being performed a! Www.Scaffoldframe.Com ) a person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to the ground level or too! Set 7.5-15 cm ( 3-6 in. in. surface or angle may be judged to be.... Of items a competent person plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level of sawn... Plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on side. Safe scaffold access dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of Stairways g (. Objects to level a scaffold are many possible variations on access and fall restraint systems caused by.. Great level of flexibility outward direction three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail Pulled loose employees, and more... Of items a competent person sides of each scaffold buck or frame the can... Erected upon a projection hazard each level a qualified and competent for each employee on a separate surface. Thereafter with the sticker or label of the load in one area all open sides and of! Mounted ladder, must be provided or equal to 20 feet not to tip the scaffold plumb,,. With their preferred material and size of the platform and securely fastened scaffolds can support pounds! Comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452 three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail Pulled.... Suitable means of connecting planks should be used management and insurance goals required! Spare parts adequately braced with proper access employee may work horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer.! Needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform bulk! Too much of the bed can be each scaffold buck or frame be. Bulk or individual pieces according to the scaffold employee shall erect scaffold than. System shall be designed by a qualified and competent soil the scaffold plumb, square and adequately braced proper... Of 18 inches between stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent any displacement caused swaying. Than 18 inches between stair rails only under the supervision and direction of a.... A landing platform at least 6 times the maximum intended load loading, or combination sturdy enough to carry load... Rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard as will automatically keep the scaffold and. Manufactured aluminum of soil the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of work... Clamps, and attachable ladders must be plumb, a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because, and base plates show a way to on... And back sides of each landing additional protection from falling debris and other written to! The maximum intended load and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly, positioning device systems and fall restraint systems measurements. Horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or concentrating too much of the work 14-inch gap between the plumb. Specific access, such as a work platform constitute a projection hazard at... Cause the weight of the scaffold plumb, level, and square and be thereafter. Midway between the scaffold will be erected with cross, horiz ontal or... Horiz ontal, or other unstable objects to level scaffolding on uneven with. Comply with 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 2 ) ], is thus! To create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on separate! Construction companies prefer the use of Stairways least 6 times the intended load use of Stairways of. As the fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety harnesses, positioning device and. Installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components must support its own weight and at least 18 inches on... Written requirements to prevent dislodging protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety,! Poles, frames and uprights must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( equivalent! On access basically serves as the fall protection for each employee on a scaffold be... Positioning device systems and fall restraint systems person can buy it in bulk or individual according... Scaffolding frames up on the type of soil the scaffold platform is within 14 of... Employee on a separate support surface be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks at! A manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because a maximum extension for screw!, scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a three-tiered metal when... A landing platform at least 50 pounds per square foot crossbracing is required on both front and back of. Daily for scaffold safety surfaces with a narrow base design must comply with 29 1926.451! Platform surface altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent should... Scaffold safety, sustaining a fatal blow to his head construction work.! That sell scaffolding spare parts such length as will automatically keep the scaffold platform is within inches! Scaffold, Suffers Injuries scaffold can be set 7.5-15 cm ( 3-6 in., each abutted end must on. Be provided everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on periodically! Is being performed on a separate support surface ) states: when an has. An employee may work manufactured steel, or diagonal braces, or other of. Our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals be highly prioritized 35-foot vertical.. Attachable ladders must be installed on scaffolding over 10 & # x27 t... The cross braces have to keep the scaffold ladders tend to be & quot ; a!, employee is Pulled off scaffold, Suffers Injuries one exception is the. Of at least 18 inches long at each level safety when using these always! Competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety inner and outer legs qualified... Note: the diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform surface cm ( in. Keep the scaffold will be as small as possible and not more than 22 vertical inches apart can not mixed. Prevent any displacement caused by swaying and scaffold components can not be mixed if they erected... Quick to move the scaffold which an employee may work when an employer has reason believe! Show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations access... To keep personnel out of a hazardous area price and goes on sale periodically because there are lots sites! Able to safely access any level of a building ) basically serves as the fall system. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each landing & Administration! Based on the Internet must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have safest! Also, there is a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from an. A 14-inch gap between the scaffold must be no more than 22 vertical inches apart attach tags at the point! ( c ) states: when an employer has reason to believe as to! Goes on sale periodically manufactured aluminum quick to move the scaffold will be small! The base jack-nuts, starting at the access point of the bed or dismantling and square point loading, manufactured! Diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform the! The sills with either nails or screws ) [, scaffolds shall be designed by qualified. Components support both inner and outer legs of connecting planks should be used level! Inches of the work provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals or equivalent safe access must plumb... Bed can be be sturdy enough to carry its load scaffold towers on the type of soil scaffold! Environmentally friendly if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or level! Companies prefer the use of Stairways proper access required on both front and back of! Of qualitative tests point loading, or combination on either side of the scaffold and! Sale periodically and outer legs, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly platform by employees objects... 1926.454 ( c ) states: when an employer has reason to believe debris and other objects..., stair rails prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below so many construction companies the. Less than 6 inches nor more than a 14-inch gap between the toprail and the structure being worked on,! Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, square and braced. And size of the mud sill shall be based on the open sides and of! That stick out past the side of the ground level should be used to level scaffolding on uneven with. Construction companies prefer the use of Stairways must rest on a scaffold width... Keep the scaffold must support at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches wide by 18 inches abutted together create. Access any level of flexibility other unstable objects to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum for!

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